Management of Patients With Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic: Results of an International Meeting

The International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IOIBD) is the only global organization devoted to the study of and management of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), namely, Crohn?s disease and ulcerative colitis. Membership is composed of physician-scientists who have established expertise in these diseases. The organization hosts an annual meeting and a number of working groups addressing issues of the epidemiology of IBD, diet and nutrition, and the development and use of treatments for IBD. There are currently 89 members of IOIBD representing 26 different countries. The organization has taken particular interest in the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and how it may affect the IBD patient population. This document summarizes the results of 2 recent virtual meetings of the group and subsequent expert guidance for patients and providers

Tailoring microstructure and properties of bilayer graded Al B4C MgAl2O4 composites by single stage pressureless infiltration

The quantitative effect of the following parameters on the one single step pressureless infiltration characteristics of bilayer B4C p rice husk ash RHA porous preforms by aluminum alloys was investigated using the Taguchi method and analysis of variance ANOVA infiltration temperature and time, B4C particle size, RHA percentage, preform porosity and alloy magnesium content. Contribution determinations of each of the parameters on the bending strength of the resulting bilayer composites indicated that the parameter with the most significant effect is process temperature, with a contribution percentage of 79 . Verification tests conducted using the established optimum parameters show good agreement with those of projected values. A detailed examination of microstructure and potential chemical reactions, aided by thermodynamic analysis, allowed establishing conditions for suppressing or diminishing the impact of the deleterious Al4C3 phas

Success and Risk Factors in the Pre-Startup Phase

Why does one person actually succeed in starting a business, while a second person gives up? In order to answer this question, a sample of 517 nascent entrepreneurs (people in the process of setting up a business) was followed over a 3-year period. After this period, it was established that 195 efforts were successful and that 115 start up efforts were abandoned. Our research focuses on estimating the relative importance of a variety of approaches and variables in explaining pre-start-up success. These influences are organized in terms of Gartner’s (1985) framework of new venture creation. This framework suggests that start-up efforts differ in terms of the characteristics of the individual(s) who start the venture, the organization that they create, the environment surrounding the new venture, and the process by which the new venture is started. Logistic regression analyses are run for the sample as a whole as well as for subgroups within the sample, namely for those with high ambition versus low ambition and for those with substantial versus limited experience. The results point to the importance of perceived risk of the market as a predictor of getting started versus abandoning the start up effort. Copyright Springer 2006performance, survival, nascent entrepreneurs, start-ups, M13,